{"id":1388,"date":"2019-08-06T15:46:11","date_gmt":"2019-08-06T22:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rula.disabilityrightsca.org\/serr\/vi\/?page_id=1388"},"modified":"2021-02-01T18:26:30","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T02:26:30","slug":"3-28-mot-so-danh-muc-ve-kha-nang-hoi-du-dieu-kien-nhan-giao-duc-dac-biet-yeu-cau-tinh-trang-hoac-khuyet-tat-cua-hoc-sinh-phai-gay-anh-huong-bat-loi-den-nang-luc-hoc-tap-cum-tu-tre","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/serr-manual\/chuong-3-thong-tin-ve-tieu-chi-du-dieu-kien\/3-28-mot-so-danh-muc-ve-kha-nang-hoi-du-dieu-kien-nhan-giao-duc-dac-biet-yeu-cau-tinh-trang-hoac-khuyet-tat-cua-hoc-sinh-phai-gay-anh-huong-bat-loi-den-nang-luc-hoc-tap-cum-tu-tre\/","title":{"rendered":"(3.28) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i \u201cg\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>C\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p li\u00ean bang ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cg\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i n\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. [<em>Yankton School District v. Schramm<\/em>, 93 F.3d 1369 (8th Cir. 1996).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, T\u00f2a \u00c1n t\u1ea1i <em>Schramm<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng xe bu\u00fdt, l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u thang, b\u00ea khay \u0103n tr\u01b0a, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u00e8n saxophon c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb cho ban nh\u1ea1c, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mang \u0111i mang v\u1ec1, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch g\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tay, b\u1ea3n sao ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc) m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u00f2a \u00c1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ghi ch\u00fa, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd v\u00e0 mang s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp. T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (h\u1ecdc l\u00e1i xe, t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp) th\u00ec s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sau trung h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i California, c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. [<em>Lodi Unified Sch. Dist<\/em>., SN 371-00; <em>Capistrano Unified Sch. Dist<\/em>., SN 686-99, 33 IDELR 51; <em>Ventura Unified Sch. Dist<\/em>., SN 1943-99A; <em>Murrieta Valley Unified Sch. Dist<\/em>., SN 180-95, 23 IDELR 997.] C\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc sinh k\u00e9m chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n. [<em>Sequoia Union High School District<\/em>, SN 1092-95.] \u0110i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ee5t l\u00f9i trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. [<em>Enterprise Elem. Sch. Dist<\/em>., SN 1055-89.] Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f2n g\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.&nbsp; [<em>Sierra Sands Unified Sch. Dist<\/em>., SN 1367-97, 30 IDELR 306.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ebb hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n xem x\u00e9t r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.&nbsp; Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f2a ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m li\u00ean bang chi ph\u1ed1i California y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. [<em>County of San Diego v. California Special Education Hearing Office<\/em>, <em>et al<\/em>., 93 F.3d 1458, 1467 (9th Cir. 1996).] M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.&nbsp; T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, giao ti\u1ebfp, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. [<em>Seattle School Dist. No. 1 v. B.S.,<\/em> 82 F.3d 1493, 1500 (9th Cir. 1996).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u201ch\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u201ch\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd. [20 U.S.C. Sec. 1414(b)(3)(B).]&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang, bao g\u1ed3m: s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, th\u00ednh l\u1ef1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh n\u00f3i chung, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. [34 C.F.R. Sec. 300.304(c)(4).] N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u01a1 Quan L\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p California <em>\u0111\u00e1ng ra \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng<\/em> thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u201cn\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u201d khi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 R\u1ed1i Lo\u1ea1n C\u1ea3m X\u00fac, Khi\u1ebfm Khuy\u1ebft S\u1ee9c Kh\u1ecfe Kh\u00e1c (Other Health Impaired, OHI), Khi\u1ebfm Khuy\u1ebft H\u00ecnh Th\u1ec3, Khuy\u1ebft T\u1eadt Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7, Khi\u1ebfm Khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi N\u00f3i v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef, Khi\u1ebfm Th\u1ecb, Khi\u1ebfm Th\u00ednh, \u0110i\u1ebfc.&nbsp; <em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady.<\/em> Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u01a1 Quan L\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p California \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cn\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c phi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p li\u00ean bang ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cg\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d. Do&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":329,"menu_order":28,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1388","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1388"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3807,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1388\/revisions\/3807"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}