{"id":1566,"date":"2019-10-24T14:14:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-24T21:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/?page_id=1566"},"modified":"2021-01-12T15:35:14","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T23:35:14","slug":"1-1-toi-nghe-nhieu-ve-luat-lien-bang-va-tieu-bang-cung-nhu-cac-quy-dinh-cua-lien-bang-va-tieu-bang-su-khac-biet-giua-chung-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/serr-manual\/chuong-1-thong-tin-ve-cac-quyen-co-ba%cc%89n\/1-1-toi-nghe-nhieu-ve-luat-lien-bang-va-tieu-bang-cung-nhu-cac-quy-dinh-cua-lien-bang-va-tieu-bang-su-khac-biet-giua-chung-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"(1.1) T\u00f4i nghe nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u bang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u bang. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>N\u0103m 1975, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 94 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c cho T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 Tr\u1ebb Em Khuy\u1ebft T\u1eadt (Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng 94-142), ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khuy\u1ebft T\u1eadt (Disabilities Education Act, IDEA). [20 U.S.C. Secs. 1400 and following.] California c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi IDEA v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u bang n\u00e0y. [California Education Code (Cal. Ed. Code) Secs. 56000 and following.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u bang c\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, c\u1ea3 S\u1edf Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 S\u1edf Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c Ti\u1ec3u Bang California (California State Department of Education, CDE) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a IDEA ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u bang. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang n\u1eb1m trong Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 34 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh Li\u00ean Bang, Ph\u1ea7n 300 (34 C.F.R. M\u1ee5c 300) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ec3u bang n\u1eb1m trong Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 5, B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt C\u00e1c Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh California, M\u1ee5c 3000 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau (5 C.C.R. M\u1ee5c 3000 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang t\u1ea1o ra khung r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u00f3 California ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u1eadn qu\u1ef9 li\u00ean bang theo IDEA. V\u00ec California \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u bang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec \u0110i\u1ec1u Kho\u1ea3n T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean bang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 li\u00ean bang, tr\u1eeb khi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ea5p th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. [Students of the California School for the Blind v. Honig (9th Cir. 1984) 736 F.2d 538.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u0103m 1975, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 94 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c cho T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 Tr\u1ebb Em Khuy\u1ebft T\u1eadt (Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":321,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1566","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1566"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3579,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1566\/revisions\/3579"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}