{"id":2260,"date":"2019-12-05T13:33:02","date_gmt":"2019-12-05T21:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/?page_id=2260"},"modified":"2026-09-29T14:33:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T21:33:28","slug":"7-3-what-are-the-major-legislative-provisions-of-law-underlying-the-least-restrictive-environment-requirement","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/serr-manual\/chuong-7-thong-tin-ve-moi-truong-it-han-che-nhat\/7-3-what-are-the-major-legislative-provisions-of-law-underlying-the-least-restrictive-environment-requirement\/","title":{"rendered":"(7.3) \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00cdt H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Nh\u1ea5t?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc khu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp, t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 sung.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc khu x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t do c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. V\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.3<\/a><\/sup> Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u IEP \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecdc sinh tham gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.4<\/a><\/sup> Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong IEP c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. c\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecdc sinh; v\u00e0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.5<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec3u bang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ecdc sinh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u201cc\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai\u201d.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 sung, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang hay t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Khi cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i [h\u1ecdc sinh] tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a [h\u1ecdc sinh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt], bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a.7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, lu\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u bang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 sau khi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng khi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u1eeb khi IEP [ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n] c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd theo h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; v\u00e0 khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn LRE [m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t], c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n.9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a \u00e1n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00cdt H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00cdt H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Nh\u1ea5t (LRE), khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c1n L\u1ec7 Ban \u0110\u1ea7u:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P.A.R.C. v. Pennsylvania<\/em><\/strong> (1972)<\/strong> thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp.10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia<\/em><\/strong> (1972)<\/strong> c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00c1n T\u1ed1i Cao:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Board of Education v. Rowley<\/em><\/strong> (1982)<\/strong> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng IDEA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng trang l\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017)<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t IEP ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (FAPE).13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00f2a Ph\u00fac Th\u1ea9m Li\u00ean Bang:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dept. of Educ., State of Hawaii v. Katherine D.<\/em><\/strong> (1983)<\/strong> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng trang l\u1ee9a.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tokarcik v. Forest Hills School District (1981)<\/em><\/strong> k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed.15<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District<\/em><\/strong> (1992)<\/strong> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. [789 F. Supp. 1322 (D.N.J. 1992)]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m Cung C\u1ea5p B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng Trong C\u00e1c Khi\u1ebfu N\u1ea1i LRE:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi T\u00f2a \u00c1n T\u1ed1i Cao ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u00ean n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n, T\u00f2a \u00c1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00ean h\u1ecdc khu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd do lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mavis v. Sobol <\/em><\/strong>(1994)<\/strong> ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc khu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Oberti v. Board of Education<\/em><\/strong> (1993)<\/strong> cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 huynh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh con m\u00ecnh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc khu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd do lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.17<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sacramento City Unified School District v. Rachel Holland (Rachel H.)<\/em><\/strong> (1992)<\/strong> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc khu.18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a IDEA v\u00e0 \u00e1n l\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan. <\/p>\n

    1. 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1412(a)(5)(A); 34 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Sec. 300.114(a)(2); Cal. Ed. Code Sec. 56342(b).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    2. 20 U.S.C. Sec.1412(a)(5)(B).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    3. 20 U.S.C. Secs.1400(c)(5)(A) & (D).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    4. 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1414(d)(1)(A)(i); 34 C.F.R. Secs. 300.320(a)(1) & (2).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    5. 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1414(d)(1)(A)(i)(IV); 34 C.F.R. Sec. 300.320(a)(4).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    6. Cal. Ed. Code Sec. 56001(g).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    7. Cal. Ed. Code. Sec. 56364.2.[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    8. Cal. Ed. Code Sec. 56303.[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    9. 34 C.F.R. Secs. 300.116(c) & (d).[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    10. 334 F. Supp. 1257 (E.D. PA 1972)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    11. 348 F. Supp. 866 (D. DC 1972)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    12. 458 U.S. 176 (1982)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    13. 137 S. Ct. 988 (2017)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    14. 727 F.2d 809 (9th Cir. 1983)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    15. 655 F.2d 443 (3rd Cir. 1981)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    16. 839 F. Supp. 968 (N.D.N.Y. 1994)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    17. 995 F.2d 1204 (3rd Cir. 1993)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
    18. 786 F. Supp. 874 (E.D. Cal. 1992)[\u21a9<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc khu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":339,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_customify_content_layout":"","_customify_sidebar":"","_customify_page_header_display":"default","_customify_disable_header":"","_customify_disable_header_top":"","_customify_disable_header_main":"","_customify_disable_header_bottom":"","_customify_disable_page_title":"","_customify_disable_content_vertical_padding":"","_customify_disable_footer_top":"","_customify_disable_footer_main":"","_customify_disable_footer_bottom":"","_customify_breadcrumb_display":"default","_customify_header_transparent_display":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2260","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2260"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5096,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2260\/revisions\/5096"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}