{"id":2674,"date":"2019-12-27T15:50:32","date_gmt":"2019-12-27T23:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/?page_id=2674"},"modified":"2021-02-08T12:50:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-08T20:50:42","slug":"16-2-luat-lien-bang-va-tieu-bang-nao-bao-ve-con-toi-truoc-su-phan-biet-doi-xu-dua-tren-tinh-trang-khuyet-tat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/serr-manual\/chuong-16-thong-tin-ve-muc-504-va\/16-2-luat-lien-bang-va-tieu-bang-nao-bao-ve-con-toi-truoc-su-phan-biet-doi-xu-dua-tren-tinh-trang-khuyet-tat\/","title":{"rendered":"(16.2) Lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u bang n\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><u>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ee5c 504 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed3i, (M\u1ee5c 504) v\u00e0 Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Khuy\u1ebft T\u1eadt (Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang c\u1ea5m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. [42 U.S.C. Secs. 12101-12213;<br>29 U.S.C. Sec. 794.] M\u1ee5c 504 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc khu c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0. [29 U.S.C. Sec. 794(b).] Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 II c\u1ee7a ADA \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp. [42 U.S.C. Secs. 12131-12165.] Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 III c\u1ee7a ADA \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cti\u1ec7n nghi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng\u201d, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0.&nbsp; [42 U.S.C. Secs.12181-12189.] M\u1ee5c 504 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; nh\u01b0ng ADA th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.&nbsp;<br>[28 C.F.R. Sec. 36.102(e).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt California sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: <\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n Unruh (\u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Unruh) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh doanh\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0. [Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 51(b).]&nbsp; \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Unruh kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&nbsp; B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0o vi ph\u1ea1m ADA c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Unruh. [Cal. Gov. Code Sec. 51(f).]<strong>&nbsp; <\/strong>B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt California M\u1ee5c 11135 (M\u1ee5c 11135) c\u1ea5m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi ti\u1ec3u bang. [Cal. Gov. Code Sec. 11135(a).]&nbsp; C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo M\u1ee5c 11135 c\u0169ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ADA. [Cal. Gov. Code Sec. 11135(b).]&nbsp; M\u1ee5c 11135 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 n\u00e0o, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u Bang California.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c California M\u1ee5c 220 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang. [Cal. Ed. Code Sec. 220.]&nbsp; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u bang.&nbsp; T\u00f2a \u00e1n cho r\u1eb1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi \u201ch\u00e0nh vi nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c lan t\u1ecfa m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n khi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. [<em>J.E.L. v. San Francisco Unified Sch. Dist., <\/em>185 F. Supp. 3d 1196 (N.D. Cal. 2016).]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: M\u1ee5c 504 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed3i, (M\u1ee5c 504) v\u00e0 Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ec1 II&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2669,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2674","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2674"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4299,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2674\/revisions\/4299"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serr.disabilityrightsca.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}